You could qualify for unemployment benefits if you lost your job or if you had to quit or leave your job because of domestic violence. For example, you may have quit because you thought that staying in your job would threaten your safety or that of a member of your immediate family.
Members of your immediate family include:
The Department of Labor recognizes that domestic violence occurs in many relationships, such as:
Domestic violence is a pattern of threats and/or physical abuse by one person against an intimate partner or other family member to establish and maintain power and control. The abuse can be:
To find out more about domestic violence, see the NYS Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence's website, “Finding Safety and Support.”
To speak to someone about domestic violence, contact the NYS Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Hotline at 800-942-6906 (Spanish and TTY also available). Domestic violence may spill over into the workplace. It can threaten your safety, the safety of a family member, or even your co-workers. You may have been fired or quit your job because your abuser:
Unemployment Insurance is temporary income for eligible workers who have lost their jobs through no fault of their own. If you qualify, you can receive benefits of up to $504 per week, depending on how much you earned in the 18 months before you filed your claim. You can usually collect benefits for up to 26 weeks.
For more information about how your benefit rate is calculated, please see the Claimant Handbook or "How is my weekly benefit rate determined?"
To qualify for Unemployment Insurance benefits, you must meet these requirements:
You may also have a claim for employment discrimination if your employer fired you because you were a victim or survivor of domestic violence. To find out more, see "What can I do if my employer discriminated against me because I am a victim of domestic violence?"
* If you became disabled because of the domestic violence, you may consider filing a claim for disability.
* If you cannot work due to domestic violence, you may qualify for public assistance. For more information, visit the NYS Office for Temporary and Disability Assistance website.
See File Your First Claim for Benefits for instructions. You should file your claim in the first week that you have become unemployed. This is important because your first week is an unpaid week, called a "waiting week."
Services for non-English speakers: We offer help in Spanish and other languages. We also offer interpretation services. Call 1-888-209-8124 and follow the instructions on the phone system. Call during the hours of operation: Monday through Friday, 8 am to 5 pm.
If you are hearing impaired and another person is helping you: call the Telephone Claims Center at (888) 783-1370. If you use Telephone Device for the Deaf (TTY/TDD) equipment, first call the relay operator at (800) 662-1220 and ask the operator to call the Telephone Claims Center at (888) 783-1370.
When we get your claim for Unemployment Insurance and see that you lost or left your job because of domestic violence, we may need more information to make a decision. A representative will contact you to interview you about your last job and your separation from work. This may be by phone or by secure messaging. When you use our NY.gov online services to file your claim, we may contact you through the NY.gov secure message system. Make sure you check and respond to any messages or questionnaires we may send.
The representative will also ask your employer for information before we make a decision.
The claims representative will ask you questions about your claim and the domestic violence. If you lost your job, we will ask you why you think your employer fired you because of the domestic violence. If you quit your job because the domestic violence made you afraid for your safety or the safety of a family member (parent, spouse or domestic partner, child, grandparent, brother or sister), we will ask you questions about that. We will ask why you were afraid and why you felt you had to quit your job to stay safe.
Questions we may ask questions about your job include:
We may also ask if you attempted to keep your job. If the employer told you that you might lose your job, did you try to perform better? Did you try to manage absences or lateness? Did you ask your employer if you could transfer to another location?
We may also ask questions about the domestic violence:
If you quit your job to relocate to get away from the abuser, the examiner may ask:
Did your employer fire you when you asked for time off to go to court because of the domestic violence? Did you lose your job because your employer felt you weren’t doing your job well anymore? Were you late to or absent from work due to the abuse? Did you quit because your abuser harassed you at work? Did you quit because you were afraid for your safety? Did you quit because you felt you had to move when the abuser threatened to hurt your children? You should tell us this level of detail specific to your case.
If you called the police about the domestic violence, you can send us a copy of:
If you a have an order of protection, you should send us a copy. If the abuse was prosecuted, but did not result in an order of protection, ask the prosecutor to write a letter for you. If you did not call the police or get an order of protection, or you do not have a copy of these things, be prepared to explain why.
You can provide other forms of evidence. Because of the violence or injuries, did you or a family member ever:
If you did, you can send notes or a letter from any of these people about the violence.
You may use a letter from a lawyer or a religious leader explaining that you asked them for help in dealing with the violence as evidence for the interview. You may send a letter from your former employer or a coworker, or any other records or proof to support your claim. By law, we keep this documentation confidential.
If you did not call the police or a domestic violence program for assistance, or you did not get an order of protection, you may still be able to qualify for benefits under this provision.
We will review the details and documents both you and your employer provide, and decide to grant or deny you benefits. If we approve your claim, you should receive your first benefit payment three to six weeks from when you filed your claim. Then you will get Unemployment Insurance benefits weekly, as long as you continue to:
If we deny your claim, you will receive a “Notice of Determination of Ineligibility or Disqualification” in the mail telling you why. The notice will also explain:
You can file a discrimination claim with the New York State Division of Human Rights if you believe you were:
If your abuser violates the order of protection or becomes abusive at your workplace, the employer should call the police as they would for any other misconduct in the workplace.
* It is illegal for an employer to take action against an employee who is a crime victim for taking time off to appear in court as a witness, to consult with a district attorney, or to get an order of protection (NY Penal Law § 215.14). This specific right is not enforced by the Division of Human Rights. However, it would be discriminatory under the Human Rights Law to treat a victim or survivor of domestic violence any differently than employees who need time off for other reasons.
* If you live in NYC or Westchester County, there is a local law that provides more protection. It requires your employer to provide reasonable accommodations under certain circumstances.
For details, go to: https://www1.nyc.gov/site/cchr/law/in-the-workplace.page.
You do not need to hire an attorney to file a claim. If your claim is successful, you may be entitled to financial reimbursement. If you have lost your job because of discrimination, you may get your job back.
(It is against the law for an employer to take any action in retaliation against an employee who files a discrimination complaint.)
For more information about how to file a complaint, see the Division’s website at www.dhr.ny.gov.
*The New York State Human Rights Law covers employers with four or more employees. You must file a complaint with the Division within one year of the alleged discriminatory act. The law protects domestic violence victims and survivors against employment actions taken on or after July 7, 2009.
Here are some steps you can take to protect yourself.
Order of protection:
Request an order of protection through a Family or Criminal Court. On your petition form, ask for a provision that orders your abuser to stay away from your workplace and to prevent contact there.
If your employer is aware that you are a domestic violence victim or survivor, tell them about the order of protection and ask them to help enforce the order. They could provide information about any violation of the order that occurs at work.
Workplace safety plan:
There are steps that you can take to increase your safety. In some cases, you will need to tell your boss about your situation to ask for the changes you need. Because situations differ, it may help to speak with a domestic violence advocate who can help you develop an individual safety plan.
Actions you can take to increase your safety at work:
When you work for the same employer as your abuser:
Safety plans must address further concerns if you and your abuser work for the same employer. For example, your employer must assure that your abuser cannot access personnel data. The company may tell the abuser that there will be consequences for any harassment, abuse, etc., at work. This could include disciplinary action or termination, where appropriate.
New York City laws:
There are laws to protect survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault or stalking who work in New York City. The law says that your boss must make changes at work so that you can do your job and stay safe. This is called a “reasonable accommodation.”
For details on the NYC law, go to: https://www1.nyc.gov/site/cchr/law/the-law.page.
When you tell your employer, it allows you to ask for help and accommodations at your worksite. This may help keep the workplace safer for you and your coworkers. It may help you continue to work at your job.
Telling your employer might also help explain any performance problems related to the violence or stalking.
Your employer might pressure you to leave your abuser or to get a protective order. This may not be the right step for you at this moment.
Your employer might fire you just because you are a victim or survivor of domestic violence. That would be against the law, but enforcing the law may be difficult or take a long time. Keeping a steady paycheck might be more important for your present and future stability.
Telling your employer might make the situation more public, which may be uncomfortable for you or may affect your safety.
There is no way to predict how an employer will react. When an employer has a policy for employees who are victims or survivors of domestic violence, this tells you:
Consider how much support you can expect from your employer. Review any workplace policies against:
This might tell you how they will respond. Another hint may be how flexible your employer usually is about work or personnel issues.
If there is someone you can talk to who has the power to help you, approach this person for support before you decide.
Decide how comfortable you are with disclosing the domestic violence. If you can talk about it, you may have resources at work to support and help. Some of these resource people may be required to keep your information confidential. Clarify this before discussing your situation with:
NYC employees:
To ask for a reasonable accommodation, you must disclose that you are a victim or survivor. The NYC law requires employers to keep this information strictly confidential. For more information, go to: https://www1.nyc.gov/site/cchr/law/the-law.page.
Domestic violence service providers: If you experienced abuse from an intimate partner, please call the 24-Hour NYS Domestic and Sexual Violence Hotline. The hotline provides: